Wednesday, 3 April 2013

Drug Withdrawal Research



The drug aspect is very critical to the character development of Tom, Tom was broken when his father passed away and found the only comfort in trying to forget.  Before this incident he was doing drugs as most teenagers do, but because of the death, he has become dependent on taking drugs. I have witnessed firsthand people suffering from drug withdrawal on a low scale, mainly consists of headaches and dizziness.  I have completed research into drugs from films, especially “Trainspotting”. This film follows a young aged character called Renton and the rest of his gang, they are Scottish boys basically dealing with each other. One of the main aspects is their drug addiction; they have a hard-hitting scene which shows the days passing as Renton suffer drug withdrawal. I like to believe that witnessing drug withdrawal and watching them in detail in great films would be enough for me to work with however  I feel I should do further research just to clarify the side effects Tom has. Tom mainly uses cocaine so I will be focusing on the effects from that particular drug rather than all of them. 

Basic Information
Withdrawal is the variety of symptoms that occur after use of some addictive drugs is reduced or stopped. Length of withdrawal and symptoms vary with the type of drug.
For example, physical symptoms of heroin withdrawal may include: restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhoea, vomiting, and cold flashes. These physical symptoms may last for several days, but the general depression, or dysphoria (opposite of euphoria), that often accompanies heroin withdrawal may last for weeks.

In many cases withdrawal can be easily treated with medications to ease the symptoms, but treating withdrawal is not the same as treating addiction.

What Is Cocaine?
Cocaine is derived from the coca plant (Erythroxylon coca) that is indigenous to South America.  Noted for its euphoric-inducing properties, Cocaine is a stimulant that is sniffed, snorted, inhaled, smoked, injected, or chewed when in leaf form.

Cocaine stimulates the central nervous system, leaving the user craving the drug instead of food or liquid intake.  Cocaine disrupts the normal physiological process in which pleasure is experienced (e.g., through food, drink, or sexual activity) by interfering with the proteins that would otherwise transport dopamine, thus allowing dopamine to build up in synoptic responses that create the drug-induced sensation of euphoria.

Cocaine addicts often experience severe weight loss due to lack of appetite and inadequate nutrition, nausea, manic episodes, cardiovascular irregularities, psychotic behavioural episodes, and collapse of the nasal septum among those that reportedly snort Concaine with long-term use. Neglect of bodily hygiene and what appears as constant flu-like symptoms are often associated with Cocaine abuse.

Cocaine Cravings
Most people who are withdrawing from cocaine experience a strong desire to take more cocaine. this is known as experienceing cravings, and cravings are common amoung people withdrawing from many addictive substances. Part of the craving is driven by the wish to reduce the symptoms of concaine withdrawal, and part of it is the desire to re-experience the pleasure of the concaine high.

Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms 
Unlike alcohol and many other drugs, the physical withdrawal symptoms from Cocaine are often not experienced.  Most experts agree that withdrawal symptoms from Cocaine are of a far more mental nature as opposed to physical nature.


The first sign of Cocaine withdrawal is a heavy drained feeling or emptiness as all euphoric effects experienced while under the influence have left the brain.  Although the user may experience a headache or some other mild discomfort, the second sign of Cocaine withdrawal is the intense craving for more.

Other withdrawal symptoms may include fatigue, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, and listlessness or apathy in the absence of a drug-induced euphoria. 

Some people have a hard time grasping the addictiveness of powder cocaine because when a user hits withdrawal, it's a little different than with other addictive drugs. Withdrawal from opiates such as heroin, oxycodone and hydrocodone are unmistakable. The recovering addict goes through severe muscle aches, spasm, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting. Cocaine users ending chronic use or a binge will crash, experiencing strong cravings, fatigue, anxiety, agitation and an inability to feel pleasure. The former cocaine user will often be depressed and restless. This is the first phase of cocaine addiction recovery.

Feeling very tired is a normal part of cocaine withdrawal. You may have tired yourself out through lack of sleep and energetic activity while you were high on cocaine, which will worsen the feelings of tiredness as the effects of cocaine wear off.

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